green financiers, finance companies / projects / green initiatives, sustainable and environmentally friendly.
Traditionally pro-environmental initiatives have as limiting the difficulty in accessing funds from commercial banks, generally was more common to hear that the dynamics facilitate bank loans for projects that in many cases turn out to be environmentally damaging. Santiago Vilanova (1994) states that "the entire structure of the banking system is at the service of a business model based on the immediate, the destruction of resources and in some collusion between bank managers and entrepreneurs lacking ecological ethics. "
However, and seem to have passed the time when mega-projects were developed without environmental consideration; Now the banks have begun to develop policies for social and environmental responsibility, which carries the recommendation / suggestion / requirement that business support to minimize their impacts on the environment. This trend emerged in Europe and consolidated with the rise of ecopacifista movement, the genesis of the formation of political organization Die Grünen (the Greens), this led to the creation of Ökobank (Green Bank). Other banks
pioneers in ecological aspects can be mentioned: the European Investment Bank (EIB)
The May 6, 1992, there was a major advance in the direction of supporting the current ecological business, 23 of the first commercial banks in the world signed an agreement on recycling and energy saving, the basic document of agreement was drawn up by a program advisory committee of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the committee was composed of Deutsche Bank of Germany, Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Ltd., National Westminster Bank of the United Kingdom, the Royal Bank of Canada and Westpac Banking Corporation of Australia. These banks committed themselves to apply environmental criteria to their lending policy. This involves requesting information on environmental impacts to ensure that the initiatives that support sustainable and disseminate information on how to improve performance and their own customers.
Examples are followed and replicated in many countries have flourished lines project finance, corporate and business friendly environment, within these initiatives may include joint-ventures, in Spain the Banesto Group created the General Bank Environment; the Santander Bank signed an agreement with the Association for the protection of nature and helps care products, such as the Iberian bear natural environment, and environmental education topics, this VISA card bank created to ADENA finance environmental projects.
in Japan dos entidades de crédito, la Nipón Shinpan Co., y la Orient Corporation lanzaron tarjetas de créditos verdes; quienes la han utilizado saben que el 0,5% de sus compras es entregado a las organizaciones ecologistas que velan por los bosques y los pájaros salvajes del Japón.
Los negocios amigables con el ambiente han alcanzado cifras importantes y en tal sentido, han llegado a ser atractivos aun para la banca tradicional, tomemos el caso de los ingresos de la ecoindustria en el mercado global que se cifran en unos 250.000 millones de dólares (www.estrategia.net) y la tasa de crecimiento estimada para el año 2000 a nivel mundial fue del 56%.
El panorama cada día parece mejorar en el ámbito internacional and within each country as it is about supporting initiatives ecoinversiones. Such is the growth of these businesses that some analysts believe the economy will be the twenty-first century, well above the infoeconomy. Today
financial institutions in various countries around the world expressed their interest in funding projects, companies and environmentally friendly initiatives and the development of which involve environmental issues.
In Asia - Japan iniciaitvas important records on this point, the examples cited in http://www.jetro.go.jp/
The United States has ... Source: http://www.ipsnoticias.net January / 2008. The
anuncios verdes ahora surgen son evidentes menudo, por ejemplo en diciembre de 2007, directivos de la Universidad Virginia Tech informaron que esa entidad se había asociado con un inversor privado, Hannon Armstrong, para destinar 100 millones de dólares anuales al mejoramiento de la eficiencia energética de los edificios del área de Washington.
Citigroup, uno de los bancos más grandes del mundo, anunció planes de invertir 50.000 millones de dólares para abordar programas de atención al cambio climático en la próxima década…
General Motors y otras corporaciones están pasando de la negación sobre el cambio climático a querer tener influencia sobre futuras regulaciones they know that they are now inevitable.
But instead of focusing on business operations as usual, completely ignoring the environment, this year's report released on January 9, 2008 attempt to document the rising tide of green efforts that may mark the real birth of a sustainable global economy.
The rapid growth of microfinance (short-term loans, often a few hundred dollars) had a significant impact on developing countries, the report said. It also produces excellent returns for lenders, while Citigroup is now one of the largest financiers. Corporations and governments are just beginning to learn what a sustainable economy. In the U.S.
some banks like Citigroup and JP Morgan and Morgan Stanley which said they will impose strict requirements on utilities to ask for funding for US-built power plants that run on coal. U.S. banks accounted looking forward to the adoption of more stringent environmental laws laid down by Washington in the coming years (Quoted, Periodic Time February 4, 2008). According to Eduardo Remolins
(2007) "... U.S. venture capitalists invested in 2005, U.S. $ 1,600 million in clean technology 35% more than in 2004, this writer is no longer a choice to be profitable or green, you have to be both. "
For its part the World Bank has been promoting support environmentally friendly initiatives, including supporting an initiative to capitalize the fund to reduce carbon emissions through forest protection, forest according to the website (2007) that capitalization is estimated at 300 million dollars. However, their work does not end with this type of project, and enter other environmental project.
In Latin America ...
The IDB promotes green energy for which financing offer that according to information available in http://www.planetaazul.com.mx/ amounts to 200 million dollars over the next 14 years from 2006.
www.ecoperiodico.com According to information available in Central American Bank for Economic Integration Programme, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) promote an initiative called accelerating renewable energy in Central America. Which provides support to finance renewable energy projects up to 10 megawatts of power, projects of "small hydro, wind generators and cogeneration with biomass resources, among others.
The financing also includes micro, small and medium enterprises to develop products and services that promote the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the region also includes areas such as ecotourism, aquaculture, forestry, fisheries, agriculture, livestock and forestry, for which offer financial and technical support in an attempt to develop or improve products and practices that promote environmental protection of the environment where they operate. According
www.itacab.org report, the World Bank approved 150 million for environmental protection in Colombia, through the integration of sustainable development principles programs and policies of the country. According
www.acodal.org.co report on Colombia, Banco de Bogota, Bancolombia and Corfinsura, available credit has led to the Colombian industry, to promote projects that reduce environmental impact. Credits must be used in the acquisition of cleaner technology and environmental aims for a reduction of pollution and make measurements before and after projects.
Meanwhile COLOMBIA SA BBVA Bank finances projects that have a positive environmental impact, within the framework of the implementation of an ecological credit line.
fund BioTrade Colombia also supports environmentally friendly initiatives that are promoted in the framework of sustainable enterprise development. Under
GuiaSenior report (2007) Argentina Provincial Bank (www.bapro.com.ar), created the green window that provides loans to SMEs with investment destination friendly technologies environment, for amounts up to $ 500,000, for a term of 60 months. These resources should be directed to financing the remediation process of environmental problems, change and / or improved processes to reduce pollution, expansion of business processes more friendly to the environment and / or relocation of polluting industrial activities.
In Brazil, the National Bank of Economic and Social Development (BNDES) has created a program to encourage enterprises to adopt clean technologies. At the same time the bank support the creation of closed mutual investment funds to support projects that can generate, documents known as Certified Emission Reduction (CER) in the field of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
In Europe ..
Europe is a world leader in the development of environmental technologies, the European Commission adopted an ambitious action plan to facilitate the development and wider use of environmental technology.
Bank European Investment Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the funding mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol derivative instruments are set to advance this work. The European Bank's work is key, given its role of being an official institution of European Union funding.
The Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit-GTZ, is a services company with global presence in the field of development cooperation. Belongs to the German Federal Government is the organizational form of a private law firm, working towards the goal of developing sustainable improvement of living conditions of people in developing countries and transition reforms and preserving the natural foundations of life.
The Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs, is responsible for the domestic economy and trade and external economic affairs of Switzerland. One of its functions is to define the development of economic and trade cooperation in selected priority countries, as well as implement their respective projects. Creates and supports Cleaner Production Centres in these countries. Thus, combined between Switzerland and these countries, efforts for economic efficiency and environmental protection. Meanwhile
many European organizations funded projects focused on generation of clean and renewable energies and initiatives of environment-friendly production, among others may include:
Luxinvest SecuraRent is an organization that supports the development of technologies that seek to conserve natural resources or use alternative forms of energy, water conservation, clean air and soil. Eco-efficiency
Capital Fund (Lux) Credit Suisse: Evaluation of eco-efficient companies by Sustainable Asset Management (SAM).
Sustainable Performance Group - SPG. This group focuses its investment in all sectors possible, with a diversified portfolio focusing sustainability. Focus
Technologief Umwelt-onds (environmental technology funds). Supports technological improvements with positive effects on the environment, development, production and marketing of products or services of environmental technology. Hypo
Ecotech. Support products and environmentally friendly technologies and processes that contribute to achieving a cleaner and healthier environment in local areas, control of air pollution, geothermal energy and recycling. KD Fonds
Öko-Invest. Supports the production of environmentally friendly energy, the reduction and elimination of toxic products, development, production, marketing and reuse of environmentally friendly products. Conversion to environmentally friendly alternatives to material consumption.
Luxinvest ÖkoLux. Supports the implementation of technologies that seek to conserve natural resources or use alternative forms of energy and water conservation, clean air and soil. Sun Life Ecological
PF. Supported products and technologies related to the development of a clean and healthy environment.
OekoSar Bank Sarasin & Cie. It is a management company with a set of environmental problems with a strategy and policy for production and product.
ÖkoVision Ökobank, Frankfurt. Technology environmentally friendly, environmentally friendly products or products that do not harm the environment. Sources of environmentally friendly energy. Technologies to reduce or eliminate environmentally damaging products. Meanwhile
is important to highlight the role they have played a cross that has been developing the program of the united nations environment, UNEP to strengthen the financing of projects and initiatives, cleaner production, sustainable and friendly environment.
UNEP Finance Initiative is a global partnership between UNEP and the financial sector. More than 160 institutions, among which are banks, insurers and fund managers, collaborate with the problem in understanding the impacts of environmental and social considerations on financial performance. http://www.unepfi.org/. SEFI is
Initiative sustainable energy financing of UNEP, a platform that provides financial tools, support and global network needed to conceive and manage investments in the complex and fast changing technologies based on energy clean. http://www.sefi.unep.org/.
Department of Energy and Finance, through this agency, UNEP has launched a series of "financial catalysts", including measures of initial funding and enterprise development, credit and enhanced support services and financial advice. www.unep.fr / energy / finance
Initiative sustainable buildings and construction of UNEP is a global partnership between UNEP and large global companies to promote and support sustainable solutions in the construction sector. Provides stakeholders with a common platform to promote the adoption of sustainable building practices. http://www.unepsbci.org/.
other hand, it is also important to note the existence of green investors to promote the financing of environmental projects and initiatives.
The Investor Network on Climate Risk is a network of investors of $ 4 billion to promote better understanding of the financial risks and opportunities posed by climate change. http://www.incr.com/.
institutional investors Group on Climate Change is a forum that encourages collaboration between pension funds and other institutional investors on issues related to climate change.
http://www.iigcc.org/
Other organizations supporting / funding projects / environmental initiatives are:
Climate Trust is a leading nonprofit that seeks to provide solutions to stabilize our climate, which in the process of rapid change.
http://www.climatetrust.org/
REN21 - the Renewable Energy Policy Network (renewable energy policy) - is a global policy network that provides a forum for international leaders in the renewable energy front. It aims to promote the formulation of policies for the rapid expansion of renewable energies in developing and industrialized economies. UNEP agrees with the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) services REN21 secretariat.
http://www.ren21.org/
The project "Development and Climate is an initiative of 12 institutes from developing and developed countries. Explores the idea that a less polarized way of dealing with the challenges of sustainable development and climate change are to base environmental policies and climate development priorities that are of vital importance for developing countries. Of what it is to help develop an alternative strategy to establish cooperation on climate change among developing and developed nations.
http://www.developmentfirst.org/
The Pew Center on Global Climate Change was established in 1998 as a nonprofit organization, nonpartisan and independent. The Center's mission is to provide credible information, straight answers and innovative solutions to address global climate change.
http://www.pewclimate.org/ projects of the Global Environment Facility related to climate change help developing countries and economies in transition to contribute to the overall objective of the UNFCCC United Nations Climate Change (UNFCCC). The projects support measures that minimize climate change damage by reducing risk, or adverse effects of climate change.
http://www.gefweb.org/
Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD), promoted by UNEP, has over 20 centers of excellence in countries developing and industrialized countries to provide policy solutions for clean energy sources and efficient pro-poor throughout the world. Has developed a series of special reports on access to energy and regional seminars organized by UNEP, UNDP and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IEA).
www.gnesd.org However, the reference to companies and organizations aimed at financing green is not exhaustive, list is not limited to those listed here, it should be noted that many more public and private institutions, national and international have promoted the project finance, corporate and business friendly environment that does not appear but their existence is evident in many countries, however cite to remember names:
Andean Development Corporation - CAF, IDB-IDB, Environmental Enterprises Asistance fund and its subsidiary, Central American environmental companies ( EACA), Foundation for Ecological Development ", Ecologic Enterprise Ventures (EEV), Conservation International - Conservation Enterprises, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) - EcoEnterprises Fund, World Resources Institute (WRI), Global Environmental Enterprises Assistance Fund, European Investment - FEI., Terra Capital Fund, Fund EcoEnterprises - EcoEnterprises Fund, Enterprise Fund Conservation, among others.
The list is exhaustive if it becomes too large, however, the key is intended to highlight the existence of a local financial trend, regional, national and international levels to support initiatives / business / business-friendly environment called as Green Financing. More information
